Hull Was Assured By The Government

Ohio Swamp (Similar To Terrain General Hull's Army Encountered)

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Urbana To Detroit

From Urbana to the rapids of the Miami of the Lakes, the country belongs to the Indians, and is entirely destitute of roads.

Wood Splinter From Hull's Corduroy Or Log Road Built In 1812
To Transport General Hull's army to Detroit

From the rapids to Detroit, along Lake Erie and Detroit river, are various settlements, principally of French Canadians.

An 1812 Headquarters At Urbana, Ohio

Forts or block-houses have been erected and garrisoned in most of these ceded tracts since the declaration of war, but at the time that the country was traversed by general Hull s detachment, no civilized being was to be seen between Urbana and the rapids, a distance of at least 120 miles. [Source]

Wood Splinter From Hull's Road

Hull's Surrender

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"This demand was received by Hull about 10 o clock in the morning. At this time a court of inquiry was sitting to examine into the surrender at Mackinaw. Upon seeing the white flag, Colonel Miller adjourned the court and Captains Fuller and Snelling were sent to receive the flag, which was borne by Lieutenant McDonald and Captain Glegg."  Source and Source

British Guns Opened On Detroit

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The same day that Major Denny evacuated Sandwich the ground he left was occupied by a British detachment, and the erection of batteries was commenced under the direction of Capt. [M.C.] Dixon of the Royal Engineers. The work was prosecuted with such diligence that on the 15th, five guns were in position all of which commanded the fort at Detroit. At noon that day, Lieut. Col. Macdonell and Captain Glegg were sent by General Brock to Hull under a flag of truce to demand the immediate surrender of Detroit. Hull returned a bold answer stating that he was ready to meet any force the British might send against him, and refusing to comply with the demand. The same afternoon the British guns...opened on Detroit with shot and shell and were replied to...from the other side of the river which, however, failed to do the British batteries the slightest injury, although the cannonade continued for several hours. During the night Tecumseh with Colonel Elliot, Capt. McKee and 600 Indians landed on the American shore two miles below Spring Wells, and five from Detroit. There they remained in concealment until the following morning, when General Brock and his white troops crossed over at Spring Wells.

The Loss Of Mackinac And Detroit

Fort At Mackinac Island

After Hull's surrender at Detroit (Source):

Hull's Plan For Detroit

Brush Expedition

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"Thus armed and equipped, this patriotic company took up its lines of march on the morning of July 21, 1812, under the command of Captain Henry Brush, a distinguished lawyer from Chillicothe...".

Also Known As The Battle Of The Oak Woods

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The second British victory was the surrender of Hull at Detroit. Before it, however, and after Brownstown, was the battle of the Oak Woods. In this battle the Indians were more than one half the British forces. According to official reports, the British regulars and the Canadians broke and fled in confusion, leaving Tecumseh and his...[fighting force] to bear the brunt of the battle. They fought well, but this battle was a victory for our forces. The first of our soldiers killed in this battle was shot from ambush by an Indian, and scalped. [Source]

Chronology Of Hull's Campaign

Journal of the War of 1812's chronology; links were added.

Chronology of Hull's campaign through Ohio to Detroit

April To August 1812

Apr 08: General William Hull is appointed commander of Northwest Army; heads for Ohio.

Apr 29: Ohio Governor Return J. Meigs orders militia rendezvous in Dayton.

Apr 29: Three regiments of Ohio militia arrive at Dayton rendezvous.

May 10: Hull passes through Cincinnati, Ohio.

May 20: General Hull arrives in Dayton, Ohio.

May 25: Hull takes command of NW Army.

Jun 06: Indian tribes near Urbana agree to adhere to Treaty of Greenville (1795) terms.

Jun 01: Hull's Army begins march north; stops at Staunton, present-day Troy, Ohio).

Jun 07: Hull's Army reaches Urbana 

Jun 09: Urbana Indian council grants Army permission to cross tribal lands.

Jun 10: 4th US Infantry (Col. Duncan McArthur) joins Hull at Urbana.

Jun 16: Construction of Fort McArthur begun at King's Creek (near Kenton, Ohio).

Jun 18: US declares war on Great Britain

Jun 22: Hull's Army, delayed by rain, reaches Fort Necessity.

Jun 24: British forces in Canada receive news of declaration of war; a full week before Hull.

Jun 24: Secretary Eustis sends order to Hull with authorization to invade Canada (see Jul 02).

Jun 25: Hull's Army reaches Fort Findlay.

Jun 26: Hull receives Secretary of War William Eustis's warning that war is close at hand.

Jun 26: Col. Lewis Cass tasked with building road to the Rapids of the Maumee River.

Jun 30: Hull, at Fallen Timbers battlefield, dispatches boat to Detroit with papers.

Jul 02: Hull's Army reaches Raisin River in Michigan Territory; learns of declaration of war.

[Added] July 02: Capture Of The Cuyahoga Packet

Jul 05: Hull arrives near Detroit, opposite Sandwich; Cass refused entry to British outpost.

Jul 09: Hull received orders authorizing an invasion of Canada.

Jul 12: Colonel James Miller's and Cass's regiments cross into Canada; Hull's proclamation.

Jul 12: British forces under Colonel Thomas St. George at Fort Malden numbers about 900.

Jul 15: McArthur's command foraging in Canada; receipts are issued.

Jul 16: Miller and Cass reconnoiter towards Malden; Hull directs protection of Canadian private property.

[Added] Jul 17: Capture Of Mackinac

Jul 18: McArthur has two skirmishes with British forces at Aux Canards bridge.

Jul 19: In a report to Eustis, Hull is hopeful of a successful outcome for US.

Jul 21: Hull returns to Detroit; command of army in Canada falls to McArthur.

Jul 22: Hull reports to Eustis that he intends to lay siege to Fort Malden.

Jul 22: General Isaac Brock's counter-proclamation restores confidence in British arms.

Jul 25: Major James Denny confronts British again near Aux Canards bridge.

Jul 28: News of the fall of Fort Mackinac (Jul 17) reaches Hull at Detroit.

Aug 03: American Fort Mackinac garrison reaches Detroit under parole.

Aug 04: Major Thomas Van Horn, ordered to escort supplies, is ambushed near Brownstown.

Aug 05: Hull orders attack on Fort Malden.

Aug 07: The Army, readying for Malden attack, is ordered back to US soil.

Aug 08: Malden receives reinforcements under Colonel Henry Proctor.

Aug 09: Relief column under Miller attacked at Maguaga, south of Detroit.

Aug 10: Miller's column retreats to Detroit.

Aug 12: Subordinates meet and discuss Hull's fitness for command.

Aug 13: Hull refuses to allow maneuvering British, in view, to be fired upon.

Aug 15: British General Brock demands surrender of Detroit garrison.

Aug 15: Fort Dearborn (Chicago) is attacked and surrenders.

Aug 16: General William Hull surrenders to British under General Isaac Brock.

[Added] Aug 17: Proctor Left In Charge Of Detroit

Sick Near River Raisin

River Raisin In Monroe County, Michigan

Lieutenant-Colonel Miller had been thrown from his horse and severely hurt during the battle, so he was unable to proceed to the River Raisin. Colonel Cass arrived at Monguagon and sent a dispatch to Detroit, which said: 'Miller is sick; may I relieve him?' No answer came from Hull and Cass started back to get permission to continue the march, when a messenger met him with order to bring the entire expedition back to Detroit. [Source]

David Beard, Contracting Agent

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Governor and judges journal: proceedings of the Land board of Detroit:

"David Beard was a contracting agent for the army at Detroit as early as 1810. He also served in the war of 1812, Augustus Porter Esq., of New York State, being the contractor. In 1814 Beard had removed to New York to live and gave testimony in Hull's trial. During his residence in Detroit he purchased Peter Curry's farm, private claim 340."

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Bounty On Knaggs' Head

James Knaggs' testimony from the Congressional serial set:

I hereby certify that the foregoing testimony of James Knaggs... . ...of good reputation in the community. ...intimately conversant with the manners circumstances etc. of the old French population.

Source - Canadian Side Of Detroit River

He was engaged in the various conflicts near the Detroit River already described, and in 1813, was in the battle of the Thames under Colonel Richard M. Johnson. While with Hull at Sandwich attached to Colonel McArthur's regiment, he performed important scout service.

On one occasion, accompanied by four men, he penetrated the country as far as the site of the present village of Chatham on the Thames and there captured a Colonel McGregor a burly British officer and a [man] named Jacobs and carried them to Hull's camp. He tied McGregor to a horse and thus took him to the headquarters of his chief. After the surrender, McGregor offered five hundred dollars for the capture of Knaggs dead or alive.

Apparent Even To The Enemy

Unknown Source

The New Nation Grows... included a section entitled, "A Cowardly Commander Surrenders Detroit."

"The day after the Fort Dearborn massacre General William Hull surrendered Detroit to General Brock, the British commander. Hull's incompetence and cowardice were apparent even to the enemy."

"...[an] account was written by Thomas Vercheres de Boucherville, a French Canadian serving in the British army."

All Surrendered

The whole Michigan territory, Fort Detroit, a ship of war at Detroit, 33 pieces of cannon, many stores, the military chest, 2,500 troops, and one stand of colors surrendered to the British [by General Hull]. This surrender of Detroit electrified all Canada. [Source]

Where POW's Were Fed

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THE OLD CONANT HOMESTEAD AT PORT OSHAWA, BUILT IN 1811

Here United States prisoners from General Hull's army, which surrendered at Detroit, were fed while proceeding on their way by boats under guard to Quebec.  

The Chicago Massacre

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The garrison at Fort Dearborn, at the mouth of the Chicago river, together with the few civilians of the neighborhood--men, women, and children--left the place for a long overland march of three hundred miles through the woods of Michigan, on August 15, 1812.  The ill-starred General Hull was in command at Detroit, expecting a battle with the British force, and he had sent orders by an Indian runner to the commander at Fort Dearborn, to move his command to Detroit, after disposing of the government stores and property as he thought fit.

The Third Great Blunder

[General] Hull directed Captain Van Horn to cross to Detroit with two hundred men and go to Brush's relief.  This was the third great blunder of the campaign; the loss of the Cuyahoga being the first and the failure to capture Malden the second.

 If Brush's two hundred men were in peril would not Van Horn's two hundred men be in equal peril in going to their relief? [Source - links added]

Joseph Smith's Uncle Was A Major

Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet: And His Progenitors for Many Generations starts with the Mack family:

Major Stephen Mack was none to happy with General Hull and his surrender, though.

Fourth Infantry With Hull

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1812. 

During the months of May and June the Fourth Infantry, forming part of the army under General Hull, was on the march from Ohio to Detroit. 

July 12, the Fourth Infantry, with the army, crossed the Detroit river into Canada, and encamped at Sandwich, on the east bank of the Detroit river, two miles below Detroit, with the professed object of marching upon the British post at Maiden, about thirteen miles from Sandwich. [Source]

War-Swept Valley Of The Maumee

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